U-tube heat exchangers

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals found in fertiliser production, metal refining, and chemical synthesis. The environments containing this acid are very aggressive and difficult to handle. Heat exchangers in such environments need materials that can stay stable and unreactive to corrosion, wear, and oxidation. This is when zirconium comes into consideration. Where other materials fail, zirconium forms a self-healing layer to protect itself from oxidation a...