Clad / Explosion Clad Pressure vessels

Explosion clad technology is an advanced process that joins two dissimilar metals through a controlled explosive force, creating a strong metallurgical bond without melting the materials. This technique is ideal for manufacturing pressure vessels that demand both strength and corrosion resistance. Tinita Engineering Pvt. Ltd., a trusted name in the industry, specializes in designing and fabricating high-performance Clad / Explosion Clad Pressure Vessels for critical applications across diverse sectors.

We utilize a wide range of corrosion-resistant materials as cladding layers to ensure optimal protection and durability of pressure vessel, including:

Titanium
Zirconium
Tantalum
Hastelloy
Nickel
Inconel
Monel
Duplex Stainless Steel

Our manufacturing capabilities cover diameters up to 5200 MM, inner diameter lengths up to 40 meters, and weights up to 89 tons, meeting the highest international quality and engineering standards.

Benefits of Clad Pressure vessels

Superior corrosion resistance
Higher mechanical strength for demanding applications
Enhanced durability and longer service life
Minimizes costly downtime from equipment failure
Cost-effective with reduced maintenance needs

Explosion Clad Designs

Tinita’s explosion clad pressure vessels are available with a wide range of design features and custom accessories to meet diverse process requirements, including:

Large and small diameter configurations
Standard conventional jackets
Dimple jackets
Half pipe jackets
Internal baffles
Agitator system
Dip pipes
Thermowells

Standards & Certifications:

Applications

Our explosion clad pressure vessels are engineered for use in highly corrosive and demanding environments, making them ideal for critical operations across various industrial sectors.

Contact Us

For detailed specifications, custom solutions, or to discuss your project requirements, please get in touch with our expert team. Tinita Engineering Pvt. Ltd. is committed to deliver reliable and high-performance explosion clad pressure vessels tailored to your operational needs.

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Technical Specifications

Tinita fabricates clad pressure vessels across a wide size, pressure, and temperature range from our Dahej facility, certified to ISO 9001:2015 and holding ASME U, R, and NB stamps. All projects follow ASME Sec VIII Div 1 and Div 2, PED 2014/68/EU, or IBR as applicable.

Parameter	Capability
Shell Diameter	200 mm ID to 4,000 mm ID
Vessel Length	Up to 30 meters
Design Pressure	Full vacuum to 350 kg/cm² (~5,000 PSI)
Design Temperature	-196°C to +600°C
Clad Layer Thickness	1.5 mm to 20 mm
Base/Backing Materials	SA-516 Gr 70, SA-387 Gr 11/22, P91
Clad Materials	316L SS, 317L SS, 904L SS, Duplex 2205, Alloy 20, Titanium Gr 1/2, Monel 400, Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276
Cladding Methods	Explosion bonding, roll bonding, weld overlay
Applicable Codes	ASME Sec VIII Div 1 & 2, PED 2014/68/EU, IBR
Stamps Held	ASME U, R, NB; IBR
NDE Package	RT, UT, PMI, DPT, Hydro, Vacuum Leak Test

More Efficient Pressure Vessel Choices

Why Choose Clad Pressure Vessels?

Clad pressure vessels cut fabrication cost by 30-50% compared to solid exotic alloy construction without sacrificing corrosion performance. The logic is straightforward: a carbon steel or chrome-moly shell handles structural load and pressure containment, while a bonded alloy layer handles all process-side corrosion duty. Each material does one job.

Explosion bonding creates this interface through controlled detonation. The result is an atomic-level metallurgical weld, not a mechanical joint. Bond shear strength in explosion-clad plates exceeds 140 MPa, holding through thermal cycling, pressure transients, and sustained vibration without delamination.

For lifecycle cost, the numbers are clear. A titanium-clad carbon steel vessel for seawater service costs 35-45% of an equivalent solid titanium vessel. The service life, when cladding thickness and corrosion allowance are correctly specified, runs comparable or longer. Tinita Engineering fabricates explosion clad pressure vessels to ASME Sec VIII Div 1 and Div 2, with clad plate procurement from qualified mills and mandatory bond testing before fabrication starts.

Material Combination Guide

Each material combination serves a defined corrosion condition, not a general preference. SA-516 Gr 70 + 316L SS covers dilute acid and chloride-bearing chemical service below 300°C. SA-387 Gr 22 + Alloy 20 addresses concentrated sulfuric acid at 65-98% and up to 150°C, a range where 316L fails. Carbon steel + Titanium Gr 2 handles seawater and wet chlorine, where titanium sustains near-zero corrosion rates at flow velocities up to 30 m/s. SA-387 Gr 11 + Inconel 625 covers high-temperature hydrogen service above 400°C combined with chloride stress, specifically hydroprocessing reactors where 625 resists both hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking. Carbon steel + Hastelloy C-276 handles mixed oxidizing and reducing acid streams that attack most other nickel alloys, common in chlor-alkali and HCl pickling circuits.

Industry-Specific Applications

Oil and Gas

Crude streams carrying H2S, CO2, and chlorides attack carbon steel within months. Explosion clad vessels with 825 or 625 cladding on chrome-moly shells handle sour gas service per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. Amine contactors, gas scrubbers, and molecular sieve drums all suit this configuration within Tinita’s envelope of 250 kg/cm2 and 450°C.

Petrochemical

Hydroprocessing units expose carbon steel to hydrogen partial pressures that cause Nelson curve embrittlement. Clad vessels with Alloy 825 or 347SS overlay on SA-387 Gr 22 shells keep the base metal out of direct hydrogen contact. Tinita has supplied ASME U-stamp clad vessels for residue hydrocracking and naphtha hydrotreating, with full PWHT and metallurgical data books.

Fertilizer

Ammonium carbamate in urea synthesis loops corrodes most metals aggressively. Duplex 2205 or urea-grade 316L clad on carbon steel handles the duty. Prilling towers, HP scrubbers, and HP condensers represent the main application set. Phosphoric acid concentration sections use Alloy 20 or 904L clad where fluoride and sulfate coexist.

Chemical Processing

Chlor-alkali, pharmaceutical intermediates, and specialty chemical plants each demand different media resistance within the same battery limit. Tinita’s Class 8 cleanroom supports pharmaceutical-grade fabrication where surface cleanliness directly affects product purity. All vessels from this facility carry documented passivation and cleanliness verification.

Power and Energy

Geothermal brine at 120 to 200°C carries high chloride loads that corrode carbon steel. Duplex 2205 or Alloy 20 clad vessels handle this without pitting and scaling problems. Thermal power heat recovery units use titanium or 316L clad tube sheets in high-purity water service.

Testing and Quality Assurance

Every Tinita clad vessel ships with a complete test and inspection record. Third-party agencies including BV, TUV, Lloyd’s, DNV, SGS, Velosi, IR Class, and EIL conduct hold-point inspections as standard.

Hydrostatic testing runs at 1.3 times design pressure per ASME Sec VIII. Test water is chloride-treated to prevent pitting on austenitic and duplex clad surfaces during the hold period.

Radiographic testing (RT) covers all full-penetration butt welds. Where vessel geometry limits RT access, digital radiography supplements the standard technique.
Ultrasonic testing (UT) handles two duties: volumetric weld examination and full-area bond verification per ASTM A578 Class C. Any disbonded zone exceeding 25 mm in any direction triggers plate rejection before shell rolling begins.

PMI covers 100 percent of clad and exotic alloy pressure parts, 10 percent minimum for carbon and low-alloy steel. All readings reconcile with mill certificates by heat number.

DPT applies to all cladding surface welds, nozzle fillets, and internal attachment welds per ASME Sec V Article 6. Vacuum leak testing detects micro-porosity down to 10-4 mbar before hydro test.

ASME U and NB stamp scope covers all WPS/PQR and welder qualifications. IBR scope follows IS 2825 with Inspecting Authority hold-point approval. PED scope supplies CE marking, Declaration of Conformity, and a full technical file.

Advantages Over Solid Alloy Vessels

Solid alloy vessels carry expensive exotic metals through the full wall thickness, including all sections that contact no process fluid. Clad construction cuts that waste precisely, using exotic metal only at the process surface.

Procurement lead times shorten because standard carbon steel backing plates are globally available. The clad layer, ordered in smaller volume, arrives faster than full-thickness exotic plate at comparable quantity. This matters on OPEX replacements where schedule pressure is real.

Factor	Clad Vessel	Solid Alloy Vessel
Material Cost	30 to 50% lower	Baseline
Exotic Metal Used	Clad layer only (1.5 to 20 mm)	Full wall thickness
Structural Strength	Carbon steel / Cr-Mo shell	Exotic alloy carries full load
Corrosion Performance	Identical at process surface	Identical at process surface
Repair	Overlay repair on clad surface	Full section replacement
Lead Time	Shorter (standard backing plate)	Longer for thick exotic plate
Cladding Adjustment	Thickness matches corrosion rate	Fixed by wall calculation

FAq's

What is an explosion clad pressure vessel?

Explosion cladding creates a metallurgical bond between a corrosion-resistant alloy and a carbon steel base plate through controlled detonation. Bond shear strength exceeds 140 MPa. Every plate passes ASTM A578 bond testing before fabrication.

Why choose clad over solid alloy vessels?

Clad construction places corrosion-resistant metal only at the process-contact surface, cutting material cost 30-50%. The carbon steel shell handles pressure containment.

Which cladding materials does Tinita offer?

316L SS, 317L SS, 904L SS, Duplex 2205, Alloy 20, Titanium Gr 1/2, Monel 400, Inconel 625, and Hastelloy C-276. Selection depends on process chemistry and operating temperature.

Can Tinita supply ASME U-stamp clad vessels?

Yes. Tinita holds ASME U, R, and NB stamps. Every vessel ships with design calculations, WPS/PQR records, NDE reports, and the Manufacturer’s Data Report.

What industries use clad pressure vessels?

Oil and gas, petrochemical, urea fertilizer, chlor-alkali, pharmaceutical, and geothermal power plants all specify clad vessels for corrosive, high-pressure service.

What pressure ratings are supported?

Tinita fabricates clad vessels from full vacuum to 350 kg/cm2, across -196°C to +600°C.